It has since fuelled persistent and unsustainable assertions about drunken fan behaviour". [105] The terms of reference of his inquiry were limited to "new evidence", that is "...evidence which was not available or was not presented to the previous inquiries, courts or authorities. [223], On 30 April 1989, a match organised by Celtic F.C. Am 15. [161][162][163], Following the inquests verdicts, South Yorkshire police announced it would refer the actions of its officers to the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC). [262] Everton F.C. But the harshest spotlight fell on the police’s Match Commander, David Duckenfield. An annual memorial ceremony is held at Anfield and at a church in Liverpool. Their views were not "the maverick view from a disaffected minority but the considered opinion of the majority of professionals present from the outset". It was highly praised and won the BAFTA Award for Best Single Drama in 1997. [88], Taylor concluded that in responding to the disaster there had been no fault on the part of the emergency services (St John Ambulance, South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service and fire brigade). i remember watching it on bbc unfold but im not so sure now. [154], Kelvin MacKenzie, who wrote the now-infamous "The Truth" front page for the Sun, said that although he was "duped" into publishing his story, that his "heart goes out" to the families of those affected, saying that "It's quite clear today the fans had nothing to do with it". On match day, radio and television advised fans without tickets not to attend. Ninety-six football fans lost their lives in the Hillsborough disaster on April 15, 1989, an event that shook the modern footballing world. But just as importantly, he also imposed on the football authorities and clubs a far greater responsibility for crowd management, while at the same time urging the police to be better trained and to balance control of the public with fostering positive relations. Mackrell pleaded not guilty to the two charges against him. On that date in 1989 The Sun newspaper produced a front page about the Hillsborough disaster which had occurred four days earlier. No orders were given for officers to enter the tunnel and relieve pressure". Inquests into the deaths were opened and adjourned immediately after the disaster. The Hillsborough memorial at Anfield (featuring the names of the 96 who lost their lives, and an eternal flame) was located next to the Shankly Gates before it was moved to the front of the redeveloped main stand in 2016. Five times her pleas for a judicial review were turned down until in 2012 the Hillsborough Independent Panel examined the evidence she had gathered – despite her lack of legal training – and overturned the original verdict of accidental death. His remarks led to Liverpool F.C. [78] Relatives later failed to have the inquests reopened to allow more scrutiny of police actions and closer examination of the circumstances of individual cases. Relevance. The 10th and 20th anniversaries were marked by special services to remember the victims.[202][203]. The disaster was a fatal human crush, which took place during the game that was held at the Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield. [176][177], In April 2016, the Crown Prosecution Service announced that it would consider bringing charges against both individuals and corporate bodies once the criminal investigation by the Independent Police Complaints Commission—Operation Resolve—had been completed. [257][258][259][260][261], However, on Sky News, The Sun's Political Editor Tom Newton Dunn defended this decision, saying: "I don't think it should all be about The Sun—it was not us who committed Hillsborough. He had been allocated the task only 19 days beforehand, and this was his first major game in control. [128], Calls were made for the resignation of police officers involved in the cover-up, and for Sheffield Wednesday, the police and the Football Association to admit their blame. Taylor, Rogan, Ward, Andrew and Newburn, Tim. The Hillsborough disaster took place on April 15, 1989, during an FA Cup semi-final tie between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest. [38] People entering were unaware of the problems at the fence; police or stewards usually stood at the entrance to the tunnel and, when the central pens reached capacity, directed fans to the side pens, but on this occasion, for reasons not fully explained, they did not. Solicitor Peter Metcalf, former Chief Superintendent Donald Denton and former Detective Chief Inspector Alan Foster were all charged with perverting the course of justice. At approximately 3:04 pm, a shot from Liverpool's Peter Beardsley hit the bar. Former Chief Superintendent David Duckenfield, in charge of the match, faced 95 counts of manslaughter by gross negligence. The oldest was 67-year-old Gerard Baron, a retired postal worker. Much to the pain of the victims’ families, the legal process to establish the facts and ascribe guilt for the Hillsborough disaster has endured for more than 30 years. She continued to back the police’s version of events even after the Taylor Report exposed their lies. Documents disclosed confirm that repeated attempts were made to find supporting evidence for alcohol being a factor, and that available evidence was significantly misinterpreted. Hooliganism had affected the sport for some years, and was particularly virulent in England. The journalist Edward Pearce was criticised for writing a controversial article in the aftermath of the disaster, at a time when a number of victims' funerals were taking place. In addition to the "unlawful killing" verdict, the jury concluded that "errors or omissions" by police commanding officers, Sheffield Wednesday, the ambulance service and the design and certification of the stadium had all "caused or contributed" to the deaths, but that the behaviour of football supporters had not. [89] The failure by the police to give the order to direct fans to empty areas of the stadium, was described by Taylor as "a blunder of the first magnitude". In all but one case, the jury recorded the time of death as later than the 3:15 pm cut-off point adopted by the coroner at the original inquests. I have never, since hearing the Taylor evidence unfold, offered any other interpretation in public or private. The IPCC announced on 12 October 2012 that it would investigate the failure of the police to declare a major incident, failure to close the tunnel to the stands which led to overcrowded pens despite evidence it had been closed in such circumstances in the past; changes made to the statements of police officers; actions which misled Parliament and the media; shortcomings of previous investigations; and the role played by Norman Bettison. Popper's decision regarding the cut-off time was subsequently endorsed by the Divisional Court who considered it to have been justified in the light of the medical evidence available to him. It noted "The weight placed on alcohol in the face of objective evidence of a pattern of consumption modest for a leisure event was inappropriate. But Mrs Thatcher’s disdain for football was never forgotten and, fearing a public backlash, many clubs refused to allow a minute’s silence to mark her death in 2013. [129][130][131][132] Calls were also made for Sir Dave Richards to resign as chairman of the Premier League and give up his knighthood as a result of his conduct at Sheffield Wednesday at the time of the disaster. On the legal front, seemingly not. [49] Anfield stadium was opened on the Sunday to allow fans to pay tribute to the dead. Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher was no admirer of football. After an initial rush, thousands of supporters entered the stadium "steadily at a fast walk". An additional 3 victims came from Sheffield with 2 more living in counties adjacent to South Yorkshire. Representatives of the 96 victims of the disaster stated that they would be asking for an independent review of the decision under the Right to Review Scheme. The incident has since been blamed primarily on the police for letting too many people enter the stadium. On the contrary, in response to increasing hooliganism at games during the 1980s her government was in the process of enacting the controversial Football Spectators’ Act, requiring all fans to join a compulsory identity card scheme. [41], The agreed upon protocol for the South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service (SYMAS) was that ambulances were to queue at the entrance to the gymnasium, termed the casualty reception point, or CRP. The 350 passengers arrived at the ground at about 2:20 pm. In its announcement, the IPCC praised the tenacity of the Hillsborough families' campaign for truth and justice. This movie follows three Liverpudlian families before the match, during the tragedy and at the ensuing court battles which tried to decide who was to blame and what went wrong. Liverpool's goalkeeper, Bruce Grobbelaar, reported fans from behind him pleading to him for help as the situation worsened. [35] The police at first attempted to stop fans from spilling out of the pens, some believing this to be a pitch invasion. The Hillsborough Monument in Liverpool. [215], A song was released to mark the 20th anniversary, entitled "Fields of Anfield Road" which peaked at No. After the verdicts Barry Devonside, who had lost his son, witnessed Popper hosting a celebration party with police officers. [12] [1][3][240] The Guardian later wrote that "The claim that supporters higher up the Leppings Lane terrace had urinated on police pulling bodies out of the crush appeared to have roots in the fact that those who were dying or sustaining serious injuries suffered compression asphyxia and many involuntarily urinated, vomited and emptied their bowels as they were crushed."[241]. By this time, a small gate in the fence had been forced open and some fans escaped via this route, as others continued to climb over the fencing. Why are we treated like animals?' [133] The Home Secretary called for investigations into law-breaking and promised resources to investigate individual or systematic issues.[134]. Stand Up Sit Down – A Choice to Watch Football. That was after the IPCC's Hillsborough Contact team had received 230 pieces of correspondence since October 2012. The panel was chaired by James Jones, the Bishop of Liverpool. Part of this flawed psychological state is that they cannot accept that they might have made any contribution to their misfortunes, but seek rather to blame someone else for it, thereby deepening their sense of shared tribal grievance against the rest of society. Based on initial briefings by the police, The Sun laid the blame for the Hillsborough disaster squarely on Liverpool fans, accusing them of being drunk, and in some cases of deliberately hindering the emergency response. “I was never going to give up.” Tragically, she died from cancer just days later. [66] On 19 April, the death toll reached 95 when 14-year-old Lee Nicol died in hospital after his life support machine was switched off. After the two minutes' silence, bells on civic buildings rang out throughout Merseyside. 's Deva Stadium was the first English football stadium to fulfil the safety recommendations of the Taylor Report, with Millwall F.C. If you subscribe to BBC History Magazine Print or Digital Editions then you can unlock 10 years’ worth of archived history material fully searchable by Topic, Location, Period and Person. 183–200. In July 1992, the government announced a relaxation of the regulation for the lower two English leagues (known now as League One and League Two). Bradford City and Lincoln City, the teams involved in the Bradford City stadium fire, met for the first time since the 1985 disaster in a game which raised £25,000. While rehearsing for the match off-air, he suggested a nearby cameraman look as well. Of those, 38 were children or teens: the youngest victim, Jon-Paul Gilhooley, was 10. To which the plain answer is that a good and sufficient minority of you behave like animals. Finally, in the 20th anniversary year the government announced that a Hillsborough Independent Panel would be set up. Speaking after the disaster, Kelly backed all-seater stadiums, saying "We must move fans away from the ritual of standing on terraces". [9], Liverpool and Nottingham Forest met in the semi-final at Hillsborough in 1988, and fans reported crushing at the Leppings Lane end. [236][237] The Daily Express also carried Patnick's version, under the headline "Police Accuse Drunken Fans" which gave Patnick's views, saying he had told Margaret Thatcher, while escorting her on a tour of the ground after the disaster, of the "mayhem caused by drunks" and that policemen told him they were "hampered, harassed, punched and kicked". [25] Leeds were assigned the Leppings Lane end. Andrew Devine, aged 22 at the time of the disaster, suffered similar injuries to Tony Bland and was also diagnosed as being in a persistent vegetative state. Hillsborough was a disaster which happened in the pre-digital era. [192] On 3 April, the jury returned with a guilty verdict against Mackrell on a health and safety charge and was unable to reach a verdict on Duckenfield. [146][147][148], On the day after the verdicts were reached the Home Secretary, Theresa May, made a statement to Parliament which included the verdicts of the jury to the fourteen questions they had been asked regarding the roles of South Yorkshire police, the South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service, Sheffield Wednesday football club and Hillsborough stadium's engineers and two specific questions specific relating to the time and cause of death for each of the dead. This became known as the Taylor Report. [14], At the time of the disaster, most English football stadiums had high steel fencing between the spectators and the playing field in response to pitch invasions. "The investigation of the Hillsborough disaster by the Health and Safety Executive. Ninety-six football fans were unlawfully killed in the Hillsborough disaster, a jury finds - sparking jubilation and relief among families. "[207] A gospel choir performed and the ceremony ended with a rendition of "You'll Never Walk Alone". The Liverpool Echo called the apology, "shabby" and "an attempt, once again, to exploit the Hillsborough dead". [213] The ceremony was attended by survivors of the disaster, families of victims and the Liverpool team, with goalkeeper Pepe Reina leading the team and management staff onto the pitch. [33] At 2:46 pm, the BBC's football commentator John Motson had already noticed the imbalance of distribution of people in the Leppings Lane pens. "[287], Popplewell was criticised for the comments, including a rebuke from a survivor of the Bradford fire. A brief history of the Hillsborough disaster and justice campaigner Anne Williams, ahead of ITV drama. [55], During the final match of the 1988–89 English Football League season, contested on 26 May 1989 between Liverpool and second-place Arsenal, the Arsenal players presented flowers to fans in different parts of Anfield in memory of those who had died in the Hillsborough disaster. Jackie Gilhooley said she knew instinctively before 3:30pm on the day of the disaster that her son had died. In his Final Report, in January 1990, Lord Justice Taylor put forward a number of recommendations, the best known of which was for all senior grounds to be converted to seating-only.
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